Over the past 30 years, China's use of 9% of the world's arable land, to solve 20% of the total world population of 1.3 billion people's food problem, but also to 2012 has been maintained for nine consecutive years of grain production, as China's economic growth and social stability provide a guarantee. But 30 years, fertilizer, pesticide use rising, livestock manure, straw and other waste also increased, has caused widespread rural and agricultural non-point source pollution and declining soil fertility and other serious problems, worsened ecological and urban and rural people living environment. According to 2007 census results China pollution, National Agricultural emissions of chemical oxygen demand (COD) accounted for 43.7% of total emissions (13.2 million tons); farmland emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively, 57.2% of the total and 67.4% (2.7 million tons and 280,000 tons). Therefore, the development of China's agriculture is facing in the future necessary to maintain the high yield, it must reduce non-point source pollution in the dual pressures. To solve this problem, the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture and relevant departments have already started work to promote the development of clean agriculture and the agricultural cycle. It is imperative that a viable technical solutions needed to reduce the agricultural production of fertilizer, pesticide dependence and improve its efficiency, and thus construct sustainable development of ecological and environmental foundation. 

At present there are two major problems in agricultural production 

Agricultural production, nutrient nitrogen is the second largest after water constraints. To produce one ton of grain and other food, need to consume 20-40 kg soil nitrogen. To maintain grain yield, the soil must be added to the nitrogen and other nutrients. From 1981 to 2008, 30 years, China's chemical fertilizer accounts for 35% of the global total. Excessive use of fertilizers caused serious environmental problems. First, increase greenhouse gas emissions. In recent years, China Northern serious deterioration of urban air quality, and is directly related to excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer. Second, the excessive application of nitrogen to the field increasingly low efficiency. Third is to increase the free nitrate in plants. Into the food under certain conditions, nitrate is converted to nitrite, endangering the safety of food. Four is caused by acidification. China's soil pH (acidity) in the past 20 years, dropped 0.5 units, the main reason for its excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer. Acidification will directly affect the growth of plants and soil microorganisms, increase plant fungal diseases and accelerate the release of heavy metals in soil solution. In addition, excessive dependence on chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizer is reduced, resulting in decreased soil organic matter content, soil structure is destroyed, and ultimately cause soil compaction, soil fertility decline. This situation must be addressed immediately to the moment. 

China's agricultural production is another problem crop cropping, pest damage, misuse of pesticides. The resulting increased resistance to pathogens and pests. On the other hand, pesticide residues into the water and the food chain, resulting in food safety hazards, threats to people's health. In nature, animal and plant pathogens, insect population, there will be naturally occurring or produced by resistance gene mutations. The long-term use of pesticides, will have drugs (fungicides, insecticides) produces selective enrichment of individual resistance, the resistance of the pest population gradually increased, forcing people to improve the amount of pesticides. The end result is that increasing the amount of the drug, the resulting environmental pollution and heavier. China has found a high resistance to insects there are dozens of species, including some important agricultural pests and pests. In the plant pathogenic micro-organisms, fungi, bacteria and nematodes are found in drug resistance. 

According to the study and understanding, to solve the above two areas of agricultural production, the most important way is to: 1) re-organic fertilizer, organic manure and chemical fertilizer combined application, namely, the development of new non-agricultural wastes; 2) play legume symbiotic nitrogen fixation; 3) the implementation of leguminous cover crop rotation with other crops between cropping systems. Through these measures to reduce chemical fertilizer and pesticide use, always keep the soil fertility, high-yield food security, the environment increasingly OK.