In March 17th, the Ministry of Agriculture said, will start the implementation of chemical fertilizer, pesticide use zero growth nationwide. Strive to 2020, pesticide and fertilizer utilization rate and main crop utilization rate reached over 40%, respectively, than in 2013 increased by 7 percentage points and 5 percentage points, to achieve crop fertilizer, pesticide use zero growth.
According to the chemical fertilizer use amount of zero growth, action plan, the technical path is: to promote the precision fertilization, fertilizer structure adjustment, improve the way of fertilization, organic fertilizer to replace chemical fertilizer. The key measure is the innovative service mechanism, strengthen the agricultural enterprises docking, farmers to improve the formula fertilizer rate; relying on the large grain, family farms, cooperatives and other new management main body, promote development of mechanical fertilization, fertilizer and other fertilizer technology; promote the new fertilizers, new technology application, push wide efficient model of fertilizer and efficient fertilization technique mode; promote organic fertilizer resources, enhance soil organic matter content; strengthen the high standard farmland construction, improve the quality of cultivated land, reduce fertilizer input.
According to the amount of pesticide use zero growth action plan, the technical path is: control of pests and diseases of the harm of high efficiency and low toxicity, low pesticide residues instead of high toxic pesticide residues, large and medium-sized Yaoxie instead of small inefficient efficient machinery, the implementation of accurate scientific application, the implementation of pest anti rule system. The key measure is to construct pest monitoring and warning system, improve the timeliness and accuracy of monitoring and early warning; integrated promotion of a number of technical model, the construction of a number of green prevention and control demonstration area, cultivate a batch of technical backbone, promote the popularization and application in large area; promote anti rule system and green control integration, promote the organization degree and level of science and technology.
Application of chemical fertilizer in China's history is not long, the beginning of the last century began to enter our country chemical fertilizer, but the amount is very small. Until the last century 70's began the widespread use of chemical fertilizer, there are 40 years of history. However, China's fertilizer amount is more, but also a realistic problem. Data shows, from 1979 to 2013 35 years, China's fertilizer consumption increased from 10860000 tons to 59120000 tons, the average annual growth rate of 5.2%. In recent years, due to vigorously promote soil testing Fertilization, fertilizer consumption growth rate declined, the current is reduced to below 1.5%. But our country crops per mu is still higher than the level of developed countries in the world. Fertilizer use too much not only increase cost, but also the ecological environment for agriculture to bring certain influence.
Reduced fertilizer impact on the national food security? Department of agriculture planting industry management department director Ceng Yande think not, but also conducive to the sustainable development of grain production. He cites Dali 3: one is by the China fertilizer crop mainly concentrated in the larger amount of vegetables and fruits, especially vegetable fertilizer is bigger, the quantity of fertilizer big economic crop fertilizer dosage down will not affect national food security. The two is the grain crop in China fertilizer levels higher than the developed countries, in different regions also exist unreasonable phenomenon, but China's different regions have established a number of mature technology mode, especially the promotion of high yield and high efficiency cultivation technology, per unit area yield of grain will not affect. The three is the recent years of formula fertilization by soil testing technology has already had some mature practices and experience, through measuring soil fertilizer and organic fertilizer use, can reduce the amount of fertilizer, but also to achieve synergistic abridged the yield increase and.
Now climate change is very big, the cultivation system has changed, plant diseases and insect pests showed multiple retransmission trend. In this context, pesticide reduction goal can be achieved to the misgive, Ceng Yande believes that implementation of pesticide use zero growth of no small difficulty. But by reducing the times of application, reduce dosage, reduce pesticide loss, measures to improve the control effect can reduce the dosage of pesticide, to 2020, pesticide use zero growth can be achieved.
Ministry of agriculture proposed, various agriculture department was established to advance the implementation of the leading group, establish working linkage mechanism, multi-party cooperation, increase soil testing Fertilization, pest control and other special financial support, the establishment of action expert guidance, carry out technical guidance services, popularizing and scientific fertilization, scientific medicine knowledge. At the same time, stepping up the revision of "pesticide management regulations" and "crop diseases and Insect Pests Prevention Ordinance", "Regulations" formulation of cultivated land quality protection and management regulations "fertilizer".